Scl3
(question1)
1. List of Operating System
a.
Windows 7
b.
Windows XP
c.
Windows 8
d.
Windows 8.1
e.
Windows vista
f.
Windows 98
g.
Windows NT
h.
Mac OS X
i.
Mac OS X 10.9
j.
Mac OS X 10.8
k.
Mac OS X 10.7
l.
Mac OS X 10.6
m.
Mac OS X 10.5
n.
Mac OS X 10.4
o.
Linux
2. How operating system works?
Four functions common to all operating system
·
Providing a user interface
·
Managing files and folders
·
Managing applications
·
Managing hardware
a.
Providing a user interface
-sequence of events occurring
after PC is turn on:
I.
The operating system is
loaded
II.
Running OS needs an interface
III.
OS needs an event such as
double click
-a user can initiate an event in several ways
I.
Click a menu item
II.
Enter a command in Run
dialogue or command console
III.
Double-click an icon
b. Managing files and folders
-file
system: organize file and folders
-file
systems used by Windows for hard drives:
I.
File Allocation Table (FAT):
tracks disk space usage
II.
New Technology File System
(NTFS): replacing FAT
-organization
of a hard drive disk or floppy disk
I.
Platter contains concentric
tracks
II.
Track contains 512 byte
sectors
III.
Cluster contains one or more
sectors
IV.
Cluster is the smallest unit
on disk for storing a file
c. Managing applications
-the OS installs and runs all other PC software
-application: software providing services for users
-applications rely on the OS for support operations
-applications are typically tailored to a single OS
-sources of application software: internet, CDs,
DVDs, or floppy disk
-tasks performed by installation program:
I.
Folders are created on the
hard drive
II.
Files are copied to the
folders
III.
For Windows, entries are made
in Windows registry
IV.
Icons are usually placed on
desktop
V.
For Windows, entries are
added to the Start menu
-an application has to be started before use:
run, load, launch or execute the
application
-four ways to run software:
I.
Use a shortcut icon
II.
Use the Start menu
III.
Use the Run command
IV.
Use Windows Explorer or My
Computer
d. Managing hardware
-OS interacts with hardware using drivers or BIOS
-software falls into three categories:
I.
Device drivers or the BIOS
II.
Operating system
III.
Application software
How an OS uses device drives to manage devices
·
Device drivers: specify how
to interact with a device
-example: a driver links a
computer to a digital camera
·
Drivers are provided by OS
and device manufacturer
·
Three kinds of (corresponds
to a mode): 16-bit real, 32-bit protected, and 64-bit long
·
Device drivers in Windows:
-before installation, verify
Microsoft has tested device
-registry stores information
about 32-bit device drivers
-updated drivers are
available at manufacturer’s site
How an OS uses system BIOS to manage device
·
System BIOS contains device
information:
-instructions enable CPU to
communicate with device
-example: keyboard activated
at startup using BIOS
·
Configure BIOS device
interaction in CMOS setup
·
The OS may use system BIOS to
access devices
·
Disadvantage of using BIOS
device management:
-BIOS does not operate as
fast as other device drivers
How an OS manages memory
·
Memory functions performed by
OS at startup:
-launches utility to manage
memory
-assigns addresses to each
location of memory
·
Drivers, OS, and application
use memory addresses:
-enables three software
layers to refer to shared data
·
16-bit program in real mode
has direct access to RAM
·
The OS controls memory access
in protected mode
-the address space of a
program is protected
-virtual memory expands
number of running programs
3.
Advantages and disadvantages
of WINDOWS 7, WINDOWS 2000, WINDOWS VISTA, LINUX and MAC OS X.
|
ADVANTAGES
|
TYPE OF OPERATING SYSTEM
|
DISADVANTAGES
|
|
· The
graphical user interface was upgraded in the windows 7 operating system
·
Windows defender was proved to be the best in
giving protection to the system
·
Fast
start up and shut down
·
Windows
update feature for all the software and components
·
Attractive
themes implemented
·
Automatic
defragmentation of the hard disk
·
Windows
media player proved to be the best
·
Performance
of internet explorer 8 is good which comes along with the operating system
·
Remote
desktop connection provided along with the operating system
·
Sticky
notes and gadgets of the windows 7
·
Faster
than the other operating system like windows XPand windows vista
|
WINDOWS 7
|
·
Needs RAM capacity of at
least 1 GB
·
Cannot easily be upgraded
from windows XP. It has the drawbacks in upgrading the operating system in
the easy manner
·
Only the advanced users are
convenient with the windows 7. New users find it difficult to use windows 7
and they switch back to windows XP itself
·
Sometimes driver support is
not providing for the old system and the motherboard. This disable some of
the features in the windows 7
·
Many users has encountered
the problem of BSOD with windows 7 and have reported. This problem often
occur because of the software and the hardware changes in the system
·
Many applications have
failed to run in windows7 and they are asking for online support
·
Only the high end computer
can install the windows 7 and it can be used only in highly configures system
·
Various old software that
are into existence will not work in the windows 7 operating system. It will
be a great problem to search for the windows 7 compatible versions for the
particular software
|
|
·
Has
stability
·
Security(can
make NTFS partition)
·
Better networking
·
Support
for Plug and Play
·
Device
Manager, Recovery Console, Active Directory
·
Features specifically targeting notebook computers
|
WINDOWS
2000
|
·
an older operating system
as in 2012
·
doesn’t work with all programs
·
very expensive
·
no longer has support from
Microsoft
|
|
·
improved
graphical user interface
·
Surf
the net without worry about security
·
Parental
control
·
Play
multimedia contents using latest media player
·
Improved
search, Windows Explorer
·
Date
and time, know the time all over the world
·
Manage
your photos using photo gallery
|
WINDOWS
VISTA
|
·
Requirements high, too hot
deal
·
The price seems to be too
high
·
Replace the oldies, another
way of extracting
·
The windows in Windows
Vista, the window appear similar to the MAC OS X
|
|
·
Stability
·
Free
software
·
Runs
an old hardware
·
Security
|
LINUX
|
·
Learning curve
·
Equivalent programme
·
More technical ability
needed
·
Not all hardware compatible
|
|
·
Takes
up less system resources
·
Has
better security than windows
·
Has a
simple, easy-to-use interface perfect
·
Has the iLife and iWork suites by Apple
which work beautifully and integrate with each other
·
MAC
computer overall last longer (in years) than windows PC’s and they can be
sold in eBay for a big portion of what you paid for them
·
If you
need to run a windows program, you can run Boot Camp on all Leopard Intel
Macs and install windows on your Mac
·
Contrary
to popular belief, Macs can run many games out for PC without the need to use
Boot Camp, Paralells or VMware Fusions
|
MAC OS X
|
·
Macs cannot be upgraded
·
They are only more secure
because less people use them
·
Very expensive
·
Playing games require
windows
|
